出口控制

USA Policy on 出口控制 Compliance

的 University of 南 Alabama (USA) will comply with all applicable 出口 controls as established by federal regulations. Export controls restricting a 外国国家’s participation in university 研究 within the United States generally do not apply to the conduct or results of 基础研究.  Such practices, as defined and stipulated, include openly conducted basic and applied 研究 in science and engineering that is not subject 到一个ccess, dissemination, or participation restrictions of any sort.  University 出口控制 Policy 

What is 出口控制?

出口控制 Laws are U.S. federal laws that regulate the transfer or “出口s” considered to be strategically important to the U.S. in the interest of national security, economic and/or 外国 policy concerns. An 出口 is defined very broadly to include an oral or written disclosure of information, visual inspection, or actual shipment outside the U.S. of technology, software/code or equipment 到一个 外国国家 或实体.  Transfer of any of the above to 外国国家s or entities within the United States is defined as a 认为出口. 

In general, the 出口 control regulations cover four main types of University activities:

1. transfers of controlled information, including technical data, to persons and entities outside the United States;
2. shipment of controlled physical items, such as scientific equipment, that require 出口许可证s from the United States 到一个 外国 country;
3. verbal, written, electronic, or visual disclosures of controlled scientific and technical information related to 出口 控制项目s to 外国国家s (“认为出口s”), even when it occurs within the United States; and
4.  travel to certain sanctioned or embargoed countries for purposes of teaching or performing 研究. 

Non-compliance with 出口 controls can result in severe monetary and criminal penalties against both an individual as well as the university, and can result in the loss of 研究 contracts, governmental funding, and the ability to 出口 items. 额外的 information regarding penalties see the following: 出口控制s and Universities case studies [COGR 出口控制s and Universities with case studies.[pdf]，和Reece Roth 出口控制 Case [Roth.pdf]

Since the 1940s, 出口 controls set forth in federal regulations have been administered by three main federal agencies (see below) to impose access, dissemination, and participation restrictions on the transfer (出口) and retransfer (re-出口) of controlled  information,  software, technology, and  出口 and re-出口 of tangible items.  这样的努力 made to prevent terrorism, curtail 出口 of technologies that assist the military potential of adversaries, comply with trade agreements, and prevent development of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons.

List of Restricted 化学物质 and 生物制剂

• 化学物质
• 生物制剂

Regulatory Bodies Governing 出口控制

Export Administration Regulations (EAR). 的se regulations are implemented by the Bureau of Industry and Security (国际清算银行) within the Department of Commerce.  的 EAR regulates the 出口 of 两用 goods and services (goods and services having both military and civilian uses) that are identified on the Commerce Control List (CCL)分部. 的se are items that are not inherently military in nature; they are primarily commercial items with potential military uses. 的 Department of Commerce must issue an 出口许可证, or provide an exception to or exclusion from license requirements before any >控制项目, software, or information on the CCL may be 出口ed or re-出口ed. 

International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR). 的se regulations are implemented by the State Department’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC). 的se regulations apply 到一个rticles, services, and related technical data that are inherently military in nature, as determined by the State Department.  的 控制项目s, including defense articles, 防御服务, and related technical data are listed on the U.S. 弹药列表 (USML). Some articles and technologies that are not readily identifiable as inherently military in nature—for example, 研究 satellites or small, 研究 submersibles—are also 包含在USML中. If the item in question is on the US 弹药列表 (USML), the US State Department must issue or provide for an exception to or exclusion from licensing requirements. 

Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (受). This government agency implements  economic and trade sanctions and, based 在你.S. 外国 policy and national security goals, targets 外国 countries, terrorists, international narcotics traffickers, and those engaged in activities related to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.  的 University typically encounters issues arising under the 外国资产控制办公室 regulations when 研究ers engage in collaborations with 外国国家s both here and overseas or seek to teach classes or perform 研究 in 外国 countries. Sending 控制项目s or information 到一个 sanctioned county or individual as defined by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (受) is generally prohibited in all forms.